True or False: Contagious Hysteria, Mass Deceptions, Conspiracy
Theories, and Confidence Games
Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact.
Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.
Marcus Aurelius
Those who tell the stories rule society.
Plato
HCOL 40000-665
Fall 2026
Honors Colloquium
Sadler 221
Tu Th, 11:00 AM-12:20 PM
Dan Williams, PhD
Director of TCU Press and TCU Honors Professor of Humanities
Office[s]: TCU Press (3000 Sandage), Sadler 427
Office Hours: Thursday and Friday, 8 AM-noon, at TCU Press, and
by appointment (in person or virtual)
d.e.williams@tcu.edu
817-257-5907 office
Emails are usually the best way to reach me, and all emails from
students are usually answered the same day.
For appointments, please email before our meeting to be sure where I
will be.
Final Exercise:
Our final exercise will take place on Thursday, December 17, from 11
AM to 1:30 PM.
I will email you this syllabus before our first meeting and as well
upload it and other courses materials to our D2L site. I will also post grading points on D2L.
Our course blog, where I will upload materials and list your individual
learning blogs is located at:
https://trueorfalsefall26.blogspot.com/
Student resources, policies, and information can be located at: https://cte.tcu.edu/tcu-syllabus-policies/
Course Description:
True or False is a discussion-based Honors colloquium that
examines a variety of deceptive truth claims.
In the context of a world dominated by digital realities, deep fakes,
and “alternate facts,” this course investigates historical and contemporary
occurrences when multitudes of people were misled by deceptive truth claims. After an initial discussion of current scams
and swindles, such as phishing and catfishing, the course will proceed loosely
chronologically to consider the Salem Witch hysteria, when nineteen people were
executed and hundreds more accused of witchcraft, the mid-nineteenth century
Millerite Movement, when hundreds of thousands of people literally believed the
world would end on a prophesized date, the White Slave Trade hysteria of the
early 1900s, when thousands of people across the US were in panic believing
that young white girls were being kidnapped and sold into slavery, several of
the world’s most notorious con men and swindlers such as Bernie Madoff and
Elizabeth Holmes, religious cults such as the Branch Davidians in Waco and, and
conclude with hoaxes and conspiracy theories.
Throughout the course, the manipulation of belief will be examined. Readings will kept short to allow students to
research course topics for themselves by examining a variety of books, online
sources, films, and videos.
Prerequisite & Concurrent enrollment:
You must be enrolled in the Honors College
to take this colloquium.
Recommended Print Sources:
Catch Me If You Can, The True Story of a Real Fake, Frank
Abagnale, Crown, 2002
The Confidence Man in American Literature, Gary
Lindberg, Oxford University Press, 1982
Cults: Inside the World’s Most Notorious Groups, Max
Cutler, Gallery Books, 2022
The Death of Expertise, Tom Nichols, Oxford
University Press, 2024
The Death of Truth, Steven Brill, Knopf, 2024
The Delusions of Crowds, William J. Bernstein, 2024
Fighting the Traffic in Young Girls: The War on the White
Slave Trade, Ernest A. Bell, 1910
The Greatest Hoax on Earth: Catching Truth, While We Can,
Alan Logan, 2021
History’s Greatest Deceptions, Steven Lazaroff and
Mark Rodger, 2018
The Salem Witch Hunt, Richard Godbeer, Bedford St.
Martins, 2017
Films:
The Music
Man, 1962
The Flimflam Man, 1967
Paper Moon, 1973
The Sting, 1973
Trading Places, 1983
Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, 1988
The Grifters, 1990
The Usual Suspects, 1995
The Crucible, 1996
The Spanish Prisoner, 1998
The Talented Mr. Ripley, 1999
Heartbreakers, 2001
K-Pax, 2001
Catch Me If You Can, 2002 (Frank Abagnale)
The Italian Job, 2003
Matchstick Men, 2003
Confidence, 2003
Idiocracy, 2006
Futurama: Bender’s Big Score, 2007
The Wave, 2008
Catfish, 2010
American Hustle, 2013
The Wolf of Wall Street, 2013
Now You See Me, 2013
The Greatest Showman, 2017
The Inventor, 2019 (Elizabeth Holmes and Theranos)
Social Media (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and
TikTok)
Teaching
Philosophy:
I value all
perspectives, and I do not believe there are dumb questions or right or wrong
answers. I teach through discussion, so
I do not lecture or test for short-term memorization. I will introduce subjects, concepts,
contexts, and situations, and I will do my best to engage you in critical
discussions. My aim is not to train you
to think like me—but to motivate you to think for yourselves. Learning is a process of self-discovery, and
you learn best when you are active and interested. Every course I teach is partnership, and I
ask students to actively contribute to its success. My goal is always to help students develop
their intellectual acumen and their own critical perspectives.
True or False Learning Outcomes:
1.
A general familiarity with truth theories and current
global and national issues concerning the validity of truth claims and the
manipulation of belief.
2.
An understanding of confirmation bias and
related
3.
An overview of current deep fake practices
4.
A general familiarity with the historical
development of the Salem Witch Hunt
5.
A general familiarity with historical mass
delusions, particularly the Millerite Movement and the White Slavery Panic
6.
A general familiarity with historical con games
and confidence men
7.
A general familiarity with current online
practices of fraud, imposture, and deception.
8.
A general familiarity with depictions of fraud
and deception in popular media (film, television, and social media)
Honors Colloquia
Outcomes:
1.
Students will integrate knowledge across different modes or domains,
2.
Students will develop informed, course-related perspectives grounded in
their identities, values, and academic learning.
Course Requirements:
1)
Attendance
and Participation. Discussion
and participation are essential requirements of this colloquium. Students are
required to take an active part in the colloquium and to contribute to its
success. In every class we will discuss
the assigned texts, videos, and/or images, and in most classes there will be
some sort of in-class activity (brief writing assignments, group work, assigned
research and discussions). Anyone absent
will not receive credit for these activities.
Missing more than six classes during the term will result in a drop of
one letter grade.
2)
Familiarity
with the Texts and videos. A
knowledge of the assigned texts and videos is crucial and expected. Please prepare for each class by reading, viewing,
and/or reviewing what’s assigned. I
expect that you will be able to demonstrate a familiarity with our course subjects
by contributing to our discussions. I
assign participation points to those who demonstrate active class engagement. There are three ways you can do this: speaking
up during class discussions, writing about content and your reactions in your class
journals, or talking with me during my office hours (in person or virtual).
3)
Learning
Journals. Throughout the semester you
are required to keep an online journal (a blog) and post a minimum of
twelve entries—six before Fall Break, and six before Finals. In these entries you are asked to comment
specifically on your learning experiences—particularly about what you’ve read,
viewed, and/or researched in this course, and what you learned from our class
discussions. More generally, you are
welcome to comment about all of your learning experiences (both inside and
outside of classrooms). In response to
our assigned texts and videos, I encourage you to comment on what you found to interesting,
informative, useful and/or relevant. You are equally welcome to comment on what
you did not find to be interesting, informative, useful, and/or relevant. What you write is up to you, but I ask is
that you honestly reflect on your learning experiences and assess the value
of these experiences in terms of your own life. Entries should be a minimum of around 250 words in length.
I strongly
recommend that you use Google’s Blogger for your online learning
journals. It is one of the oldest
blogger platforms, but it is by far the easiest. There
is no learning curve. I will create a central course website using
Blogger, and I will use it for course content and to link your individual
blogs.
My primary
interest is having you reflect on your learning experiences. My goal is that you develop your own critical
perspectives.
Plato once wrote: “The
unexamined life is not worth living.”
Anyone
who waits until the week before midterms or finals to post 3 or more journal
entries will receive half credit for those entries.
Keeping your learning journal is an exercise in self-reflection as you
learn and should not be reduced to an academic “homework” assignment that can
completed at the last minute simply to complete the assignment.
4)
In-class
Research Presentations. Student
research is a primary course emphasis, and the presentations will be scored
according to the range and depth of student work.
Throughout the semester students will take
part in four presentations. 1)
Topics Research (2), 2) Popular Media (film reviews), and 3)
Campus Surveys. Students will work
in teams of 2 for each of these three assignments.
For the two topics research, students
will present their research on two of the course’s primary subject areas by
researching and and presenting relevant information concerning their subject
areas, such as an overview of historical events and/or episodes, the social and
cultural causes, the motivations of the people involved, and the consequences
and repercussions of the events and/or episodes (plus any fun facts they
discovered). Your primary task is to
discover and present relevant information about your topics to the rest of the
class. In addition to informing the
class concerning what happened and who was involved, teams must try to explain
relevance of their topics—why is it important to know about this subject?
For the popular media presentations, students
will present their research on popular media depictions of con men, scam
artists, trickers, scoundrels, and swindlers primarily in film (see above list
of suggested films) but also in social media (such as Tik Tok and YouTube). Teams
will preview, introduce, present, and discuss the depictions con men, scam
artists, trickers, and swindlers in film and social media, noting how their
depictions reveal them as heroes, antiheroes, or just plain scoundrels. Each team will preview its film or social
media site in advance, choose up to 15-20 minutes of video clips, and then
prepare brief introductions for each of the sequences they’ve chosen. The
primary focus of their introductions and discussions should demonstrate how con
men, tricksters, and swindlers have been marketed for popular audiences and as well how
these depictions compare to the historical representations. Teams may also offer critical assessments on
their media’s overall quality, representations, techniques, and can conclude can
with rotten tomatoes assessments.
For the Campus surveys, students will
interview other students, faculty, and staff concerning current fraudulent
practices on campus and/or concerns about truth-telling. The specific survey questions will be
developed collaboratively in class, but the basic ideas are to discover if
others on campus know about, and are concerned about, truth telling and/or
fraudulence, cheating, swindling, and deceit at TCU. What deceitful practices they have observed
or experienced on campus. (online, in person, or in the classroom). In a world where it is difficult to discern
the difference between true and untrue, the surveys should ultimately assess
whether campus members are worried about the fractures of truth telling.
All four presentations should be interactive
and should engage the class in discussions.
5)
Final Class Assignment: What Have I learned
Videos. For the final course
assignment, (still) teams of 2 students will be required to create and
present a brief video (8-10 minutes max) that offers a concluding reflection of
the team’s thoughts, observations, and experiences throughout the
semester. There is no specific format or
formula, but teams are asked to reflect on what they experienced as learners
that was relevant. What did you
learn that you thought was helpful and/or valuable. These videos should be
engaging and creative. Ultimately, each
team must create a video responding to one overall question: What are you
going to take away from this course? What
are your actual outcomes compared to the course outcomes?
These videos will be shown on our
designated final exam slot during finals week, Thursday, December 17,
from 11 AM to 1:30 PM.
6)
Never Use the Non-Word “Very.” Throughout the semester, I ask
that you exclude the non-word “very” in all class writing. It is used so frequently that it has become
meaningless. English has a rich
vocabulary, and there are far stronger words to intensify thoughts and
feelings. People who frequently use it
demonstrate a lack of vocabulary. There
will not be points taken away for its use, but there will be 3 extra credit
points for any student who never used the non-word in their writing.
Course Assignments and Final Grade:
Attendance and Participation 20%
Learning Journals 30%
Research/ Review Presentations 40%
Final Presentations 10%
Eradicating the Non-Word Very 3 points extra credit
For alternatives to the non-word:
https://englishstudyonline.org/words-to-use-instead-of-very/
https://www.yourdictionary.com/articles/words-other-than-very
https://lingoharvest.com/english/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/58-better-adjectives-than-very.html
Grading Scale:
A 94-100
A- 90-93
B+ 86-89
B 81-85
B- 78-80
C+ 75-77
C 73-74
C- 70-72
D+ 67-69
D 64-66
D- 60-63
Course
Schedule:
T, 8/25
Introduction
Tr, 8/27
Truth, confirmation bias, and alternate facts
“Six Times Seven Is Not Forty-One,” The Death of Truth
(2024) 9-page handout
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201808/what-is-truth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kho5KvPBDSw
confirmation bias
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zoWTb3KP-k
confirmation bias
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cebFWOlx848
what is truth, illusion of truth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HLe58bJF2I
what is truth, historically
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1OvbwY6GPM
truth is drowning
T, 9/01
Paper Moon
Tr, 9/03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk08WKT71dQ
propaganda
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtpHX3nr7uE
propaganda
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UF6zAqDSJE
propaganda
https://www.un.org/en/countering-disinformation
UN document
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1OvbwY6GPM
safeguard your mind
T, 9/08
Deep Fakes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OqFY_2JE1c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7akzhpx0EIU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W631WArdFOs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuufkPTFt0E
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9d2wgvg55jo?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us
Presentation: Yasmine and Ana
Tr, 9/10
Online scams, Phishing, cat phishing, spear phishing
https://www.phishing.org/what-is-phishing
https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-recognize-and-avoid-phishing-scams
https://us.norton.com/blog/online-scams/what-is-catfishing
https://www.spokeo.com/compass/what-you-need-to-know-about-catphishing/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at53zE5zOH4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2H_7sP-yaZc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VY5suVb0BSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etSfYERBK28
Presentation: Mia and Olivia
T, 9/15
Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
Presentation: Daniel and Grace
Tr, 9/17
Social Engineering
T, 9/22
Salem Witch Hysteria
https://www.history.com/articles/salem-witch-trials
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Sv93yRPQSs
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3h6pyWrOq4
Presentation: Sandra and Ashley
Tr, 9/24
The Wave
Presentation: Sophie and Styrling
T, 9/29
The Millerite Movement
https://www.thoughtco.com/millerites-definition-1773334
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerism
https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/william-miller-convinced-thousands-millerites-world-end/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXzKNeosMvU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcnJMGOPbi8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90mZj5YdRyc
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/SiP_rIdUJ-E
Presentation: Kristina and Christiauna
Tr, 10/01
Werewolves and Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing
Presentation: DW
T, 10/06
The Talented Mr. Ripley
Presenters: Elle and Lauren
Tr, 10/08
Fall Break
T, 10/13
White Slave Trade Hysteria
https://www.npr.org/2008/03/11/88104308/the-long-colorful-history-of-the-mann-act
https://reason.com/2008/03/13/the-white-slavery-panic/
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/white-slavery-origins-of-anti-trafficking-movement/
https://www.npr.org/2008/03/11/88104308/the-long-colorful-history-of-the-mann-act
https://reason.com/2008/03/13/the-white-slavery-panic/
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/white-slavery-origins-of-anti-trafficking-movement/
Presentation: Elle and Lauren
Tr, 10/15
Cults, Waco
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Branch-Davidian
https://allthatsinteresting.com/branch-davidians
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhKmRtBfxjo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GJhsnxcsrY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3B7iWE1PrA
Presentation: Styrling and Sophie
T, 10/20
The Italian Job
Presentation: Sandra and Ashley
Tr, 10/22
Hoaxes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKzZ9d7PtzA
[tulip mania]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUuo4M2aLwE
https://www.historytools.org/stories/the-most-infamous-hoaxes-in-history-deception-trickery-and-the-power-of-belief
https://allthatsinteresting.com/con-artists
https://moneyinc.com/the-20-most-notorious-con-artists-of-all-time/
Presentation: Mia and Olivia
T, 10/27
Now You See Me
Presentation: Yasmine and Ana
Tr, 10/29
Conspiracy theories
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jW5VGdL4brQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCQx2hlEPEc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3JIRvP-7m8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yVXPEemu8g
Presentation: Sandra and Ashley
T, 11/03
The Greatest Showman
Presentation: Kristina and Christiauna
Tr, 11/05
Con Man or Genius, P. T. Barnum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBw9A5s4wBg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Vnlpj4vIcU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL-9DmnZRYM
https://barnum-museum.org/about/the-man-the-myth-the-legend/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Vnlpj4vIcU&t=41s
https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-T-Barnum
Presentation: Kristina and Christiauna
T, 11/10
Swindlers, Victor Lustig, Charles Parker
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fe2iQ1f-IYE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-MT7ClmvlM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywMqxYwHfqY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l-fJmJrq_0
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-smoothest-con-man-that-ever-lived-29861908/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Lustig
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_C._Parker
https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/conman-sold-brooklyn-bridge.htm
Presentation (Lustig): Yasmine and Ana
Presentation (Parker): Sophia and Erin
Tr, 11/12
Swindlers, Charles Ponzi, Bernie Madoff
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4waqVKanxA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgDQG-ZKRFg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4waqVKanxA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Madoff
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernie-Madoff
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AE-zDmbokos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al5SLsoe0C0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rH1Y66IwKvc
Presentation (Ponzi): Sophia and Erin
Presentation (Madoff): Grace and Daniel
T, 11/17
Frank Abagnale, Elizabeth Holmes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIYtKR24LQs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UmcxQto7UU
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Abagnale
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9vRVyI-3yM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIqF95qiQSs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLwtxDxWxUM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8PogrCTCsA
Presentation (Abagnale): Elle and Lauren
Presentation (Holmes): Sophie and Styrling
Tr, 11/19
Catch Me If You Can
Presentation: Mia and Olivia
T, 11/24
Thanksgiving Break
Tr, 11/26
Thanksgiving Break
T, 12/01
Deception in Social Media
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7VtVy0WJ8k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EFHbruKEmw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n94qNB9V5ZA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jN8alp5-C7U
Presentation I: Sandra and Ashley
Presentation II: Grace and Daniel
Tr, 12/03
The Wolf of Wall Street
Presentation: Sophia and Erin
T, 12/08
Class Surveys
All Teams Presentation
Technology Policies:
Laptops and iPads are welcome in class, but I ask you not to
use cell phones for anything during class time.
Writing and the Use of AI-Generated
Writing:
Writing is an extremely important requirement in our
course. I consider writing to be an act
of discovery and a significant learning tool.
You learn about your subjects, your thoughts, and ultimately yourself by
writing.
Use of Chat GPT
and other AI platforms are neither forbidden nor required. If you use it, I require that you cite its
use as a source the same way you cite other sources used in your research and
writing. Unacknowledged use of
AI-generated text may be academic misconduct and/or a
violation of professional ethics.
Keeping
a personal blog tracking your learning experiences is your most
important assignment in this course, and I expect you describe your
personal thoughts, observations, and reactions to our course content and
discussion. Chat GPT cannot do this for
you. Your course blog is not academic
discourse that you need to stress over.
Your blog entries should more resemble a personal letter rather than a formal
essay. I challenge you to develop your critical perspectives and to be
ambitious about your writing, but my primary challenge is for you to honestly
reflect on your learning experiences.